1940 - Femininity Certificates
The image above is from a New York Times article found at the link below. Maria Jose Martinez was an 800 meter runner who won a gold medal at the World Championships in Berlin. In 1983, she was tested and given the femininity certificate above. However, in 1895, she was tested again and was declared a man. She lost her eligibility to compete, her friends, her fame, and her fiancé.
By 1940, the international sports committee required all female athletes to submit "femininity certificates" to verify their sex. This practice stemmed from the 1936 Berlin Olympics where several female athletes in track and field exhibited masculine traits as they strained in their events. Stella Walsh of Poland and Helen Stephens of the United States, the two world leading runners in the one hundred meter dash, were both accused of being male imposters heading into the Berlin olympics. Their bulging muscles and angular faces caused both athletes to be publicly accused of being men after the race. In fact, Stephens beat Walsh to get the world record in the event and was publicly accused by Walsh of being a man. Before the olympics, physicians on site had examined Stephens's anatomy and declared her female, however, an autopsy forty years later determined her to be ambiguous. After this scandal, the international sports committee began requiring embarrassing "femininity certificates" for all female athletes to compete. In fact, Prince Franz Josef of Liechtenstein, a member of the International Olympic Committee, spoke for many when he said he wanted to “be spared the unesthetic spectacle of women trying to look and act like men.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/16/sports/olympics/16ioc.html